UniProtSummary | FUNCTION:VarianthistoneH2AwhichcanreplaceH2Ainsomenucleosomes.NucleosomeswrapandcompactDNAintochromatin,limitingDNAaccessibilitytothecellularmachinerieswhichrequireDNAasatemplate.Histonestherebyplayacentralroleintranscriptionregulation,DNArepair,DNAreplicationandchromosomalstability.DNAaccessibilityisregulatedviaacomplexsetofpost-translationalmodificationsofhistones,alsocalledhistonecode,andnucleosomeremodeling.Thisvariantisenrichedatpromoters,itmaykeeptheminarepressedstateuntiltheappropriateactivationsignalisreceived.Neartelomeres,itmaycounteractgenesilencingcausedbythespreadofheterochromatinproteins.RequiredfortheRNApolymeraseIIandSPT15/TBPrecruitmenttothetargetgenes.Involvedinchromosomestability.
SUBUNITSTRUCTURE:ThenucleosomeisahistoneoctamercontainingtwomoleculeseachofH2A,H2B,H3andH4assembledinoneH3-H4heterotetramerandtwoH2A-H2Bheterodimers.Theoctamerwrapsapproximately147bpofDNA.H2AoritsvariantH2A.ZformsanheterodimerwithH2B.H2A.ZassociateswiththeVPS72/SWC2subunitoftheSWR1chromatinremodelingcomplex.InteractsalsowithRBP1/DNA-directedRNApolymeraseIIlargestsubunit.InteractswithNAP1.
SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Nucleus
PTM:AcetylatedbyESA1,acomponentoftheNuA4histoneacetyltransferase(HAT)complex,and/orbyGCN5,acomponentoftheSAGAcomplex,toformH2A.ZK3Ac,H2A.ZK8Ac,H2A.ZK10AcandH2A.ZK14Aconcedepositedintochromatin.Acetylationisrequiredforfunctionattelomeres.H2A.ZK14Acisacetylatedatthepromotersofactivegenes.
MISCELLANEOUS:Presentwith2840molecules/cellinlogphaseSDmedium.
IncontrasttoH2A1andH2A2,appearstobeweaklyornotsumoylated.
SEQUENCESIMILARITIES:BelongstothehistoneH2Afamily.
CAUTION:Toensureconsistencybetweenhistoneentries,wefollowthe"Brno"nomenclatureforhistonemodifications,withpositionsreferingtothoseusedintheliteratureforthe"closest"modelorganism.DuetoslightvariationsinhistonesequencesbetweenorganismsandtothepresenceofinitiatormethionineinUniProtKB/Swiss-Protsequences,theactualpositionsofmodifiedaminoacidsinthesequencegenerallydiffer.Inthisentrythefollowingconventionsareused:H2A.ZK3ac=acetylatedLys-4;H2A.ZK8ac=acetylatedLys-9;H2A.ZK10ac=acetylatedLys-11;H2A.ZK14ac=acetylatedLys-15. |